By performing this test some tissue is removed from the cervix (cervix) to examine your cells carefully.

It is a quick test, just a few minutes, painless that is performed in the specialist’s office. In a gynecological chair with the legs raised and separated to facilitate access, a speculum will be placed to visualize the uterine cervix and a sample of cells will be extracted using a gentle scraping with a small spatula and a brush.

In order for the test to be done correctly, you should go when your menstrual cycle has finished. It is also recommended not to use ovules and other products administered vaginally, or to have sexual intercourse. All of this can alter the test result.
The cell sample is sent to the laboratory with our Pathologist and after a few days you will be able to count on the results.

From this test, the possible existence of premalignant lesions (low-grade intraepithelial lesion: HPV and CIN 1 and high-grade intraepithelial lesions: CIN2 AND CIN3) or malignant lesions such as cervical cancer and even vaginal infections can be detected, and thus to be able to carry out a treatment as soon as possible for its cure and improvement.

It is a test with which the surface of the cervix, vagina and vulva of a woman can be seen in an enlarged way thanks to the use of a colposcope, which is a device equipped with magnifying lenses that allow the doctor to observe these in detail. structures.

Generally, a colposcopy is done when you have previously had a cervical cytology in which abnormal cells have been detected that could be cancerous or precursors of cervical cancer.

This test is also requested when there is inflammation or infection of the cervix (cervicitis), polyps, genital warts, as well as to periodically monitor those patients who have a history of HPV infection (human papillomavirus), pre-cancerous lesions or cancer.

The doctor places a speculum in the vaginal canal to visualize the cervix and then the colposcope 10cm away from the vulva.

The interior of the vagina is illuminated with a bright light, and the doctor looks through the lens, as if using binoculars and later covers the surface of the cervix with a solution called acetic acid and then with iodine solution which allow visualizing areas that could be abnormal in the cervix, this is a completely painless process

If any alteration is observed, a biopsy of the suspicious area should be taken either in the cervix, vagina or vulva so that it can be studied by the pathologist and thus determine the origin of these altered cells.

Palpation of breast tissue to screen for lumps, changes, or abnormalities in the mammary gland or nipples.

The importance of a gynecological check-up:

• Prevent pelvic organ disorders
  
• Diagnosis of infections and inflammatory problems
  
• Early detection of any disease of the cervix, especially cervical cancer.

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What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

HPV can cause genital warts, abnormal cervical cells, or cervical cancer. There are multiple serotypes of the virus, but two, 16 and 18, cause the majority of HPV-related cancers and 6 and 11 are responsible for the appearance of genital warts.

Venereal warts, known as genital warts or condylomas, are the clinical form of this infection because they can be easily seen and diagnosed. Venereal warts look like a fleshy lump of tissue on the lips, clitoris, or around the anus, and when several warts come together, they take on the shape of a cauliflower.

HPV infection of the cervix usually does not have any symptoms. Evidence of a subclinical infection may appear first on a Pap test. Your test can show the presence of HPV with or without dysplasia (precancerous cells).

Warts or HPV infection on the cervix are usually revealed through a Pap test. The definitive diagnosis is usually made with a colposcope examination and biopsies.

The treatment of these pathologies and infections will depend on the findings of the cytology and the gynecological physical examination. Among them is:

Ablation of lesions at the level of the cervix:

• Cauterization: Medical procedure in which an electrical current is applied to remove the HPV lesion, requires local anesthesia.
  
• Cryotherapy: This is a painless procedure where the area of ​​injury is frozen with nitrogen gas until it is destroyed.

Conobiopsy or cervical conization:

It is a procedure that is performed under general anesthesia where a cone-shaped section of the abnormal tissue is removed from the cervix, to diagnose and also eliminate all abnormal (precancerous) cells

The first thing to be done is to place a speculum in the vagina to be able to visualize the cervix of the patient and then extract a small section of the tissue either with a scalpel, laser or LEEP loop (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure). The removed tissue is then taken and studied in a laboratory to ensure that all abnormal cells have been removed or to make a diagnosis of cancer.

Sexually transmitted diseases or STDs are acquired through sexual contact and the exchange of secretions, especially in people with multiple sexual partners.

Most STDs have no symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose until an advanced stage, which is why a gynecological check-up and periodic tests are recommended for anyone with a risk factor or multiple sexual partners, even if they have used a barrier method.

Understanding, coping with and preventing STDs are important practices when you are sexually active.

The diagnosis of STDs is made by means of a blood test or urine sample, or by culturing a doubtful lesion. Each case is particular and depending on the result, counseling and treatment are available for each patient.

Some examples of STDs:

• Syphilis
  
• Chlamydia
  
• Gonorrhea
  
• HIV
  
• Hepatitis B
  
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Fortunately, if you are diagnosed with an STD, most can be effectively treated. However, some diseases cannot be cured, but they can be controlled in order to have a good quality of life.

At our medical center we offer safe and confidential STD tests and treatments. Likewise, we have all the technology to perform highly complex treatment and assisted reproduction techniques in patients with HIV so that they can have healthy offspring.

Currently there are multiple methods of contraception. Each method has its benefits and risks depending on each particular case, the indication of a contraceptive method is very personal and each patient is different.

The use of a contraceptive method allows a woman birth control and thus the power to plan her family. Also some barrier contraceptive methods (condoms or condoms) protect people from the risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease (STD).

Contraceptive method options are classified into:

• Barrier methods: Condoms (male and female), vaginal rings and cervical diaphragm
  
• Hormonal methods: Contraceptive pills, subdermal implant, contraceptive patches and intramuscular blisters.
  
• Intrauterine device (IUD)
  
• Natural Methods: Interrupted Intercourse and the Rhythm Method
  
• Chemical methods: Spermicides and vaginal sponges.
  
• Surgical sterilization: Tubal ligation or vasectomy.

The WHO defines family planning as the possibility that allows people to choose the number of children they want and determine the interval between pregnancies. It is achieved through the application of contraceptive methods and the treatment of infertility.

Through a contraceptive consultation with your gynecologist you avoid an unwanted or unplanned pregnancy. Likewise, when you want to get pregnant, it is good to plan and go to a consultation to start with all the preparations and make sure that everything is under control in a preconception consultation.

Are you starting out with severe menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, problems or discomfort with sex, depression, or mood swings?

You may be a candidate for hormone therapy or hormone replacement therapy, which is a treatment used to increase the body’s natural hormone levels.

This type of therapy consists of administering hormones (estrogen and progesterone) to relieve the symptoms of menopause.

Menopause is an event that occurs in all women, but not all patients have the same symptoms. To start hormonal therapy, certain risk factors must be taken into account and therapy is individual for each patient.

• Type of symptoms
  
• Osteoporosis risk
  
• Risk of heart disease
  
• Risk for breast or reproductive cancer
  
• Whether or not you had a hysterectomy

The benefits of hormone replacement therapy are multiple:

• It helps prevent osteoporosis and can even reverse bone loss that has already occurred.
  
• Protection against heart disease
  
• Relieves symptoms of menopause: hot flashes, fatigue, insomnia, vaginal dryness, mood swings, among others.

The success of a hormone replacement therapy is to go through the changes that the woman undergoes without realizing it.

It is a type of ultrasound exam also known as a sonohysterogram. It is a safe, painless and quick study for women.

Sound waves create images and allow you to see the inside of the uterus. However, a Hysterosonogram also involves fluid that is inserted into the uterus through the cervix, using a thin plastic catheter. The liquid allows to see the interior of the uterus in more detail and also the permeability of the uterine tubes.

Hysterosonography can reveal the root of the problem in various pathologies, such as:

• Intrauterine malformations or birth defects
  
• Polyps
  
• Fibroids
  
• Endometrial atrophy.
  
• Endometrial adhesions.

We also carried out this study that we carried out in our patients with infertility problems, to detect the cause of recurrent abortion or blockage of the fallopian tubes that could be causing the impossibility of pregnancy

How do we perform Hysterosonography?

The awake patient is placed in the lithotomy or gynecologic position. The gynecologist inserts the ultrasound transducer into the patient’s vagina and then a thin, flexible catheter through the cervix introduces sterile solution through the catheter into the uterine cavity.

Through ultrasound, it creates images in real time of the interior of the uterus and at this time the diagnosis is made.